What is considered Like-Kind Real Property for a 1031 Exchange?

A 1031 Exchange, also known as a Like-Kind Exchange, refers to a provision in the Internal Revenue Code (Section 1031) that allows individuals or businesses to defer capital gains tax on the exchange of certain types of property.

When it comes to real property, the concept of "like-kind" refers to the nature or character of the property being exchanged rather than its specific grade or quality. For a property to qualify as Like-Kind in a 1031 exchange, both the relinquished property (the property being sold) and the replacement property (the property being acquired) must be held for productive use in a trade or business or for investment purposes. Here are some key points to consider: 

A rental house is like-kind to commercial real estate.

1. Real property for real property: In a 1031 exchange, the real property being exchanged must be of a similar nature or character. It means that the properties involved should generally be real estate, such as land, buildings, or leasehold interests in real estate. 

2. Broad definition:

For example, an apartment building can be exchanged for raw land, a commercial property for a residential property, etc. 

3. Use and intention: The IRS focuses on the purpose or intended use of the properties rather than their specific characteristics. As long as both properties are held for productive use in a trade or business or for investment purposes, they are generally considered like-kind. 

Land is like-kind to a residential rental house.

It's important to note that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, passed in 2017, limited like-kind exchanges to only apply to real property. Starting from the 2018 tax year, personal property exchanges, such as vehicles, artwork, or equipment, are no longer eligible for like-kind exchange treatment. 

To ensure compliance and maximize the benefits of a 1031 Exchange, it is advisable to Consult with a 1031 Qualified Intermediary or a Qualified Tax professional who specializes in the 1031 Rules & Qualifications in facilitating these types of transactions.